联机热备份的步骤：

1  使数据库处于ARCHIVELOG模式
$svrmgrl
SVRMGR> connect internal
SVRMGR> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
SVRMGR>ARCHIVE log start

SVRMGR>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

2 获取最早的联机日志序列号

SVRMGR> archive log list

3 将要备份的表空间设为热备份模式

SVRMGR> ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name BEGIN BACKUP;

4 使用操作系统命令备份改表空间的datafile



5 取消该表空间的热备份模式

SVRMGR> ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name END BACKUP;

6 如还有其他要备份的表空间，重复3-5

7 强制日志切换

SVRMGR> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE ;

8 使用os命令备份所有归档日志文件

9 备份control file

SVRMGR>ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROL FILE TO 'filespecif' ;





-------------------------------------------------------------------
STARTUP [DBA] [FORCE] [PFILE=filespec] [EXCLUSIVE SHARED]
[MOUNT dbname OPEN dbname] [NOMOUNT]

SHUTDOWN     [NORMAL IMMEDIATE ABORT]

MONITOR For graphical modes only, bring up a monitor

ARCHIVE LOG  [START] [STOP]

[NEXT] [] [ALL] ['destination']

RECOVER { [DATABASE [MANUAL] ] [TABLESPACE ts-name [,tsname] }

CONNECT [username [/password] ] [INTERNAL] ['@'instance-spec]
DISCONNECT

SET    options: INSTANCE, ECHO, TERMOUT, TIMING, NUMWIDTH, CHARWIDTH
SHOW   LONGWIDTH, DATEWIDTH, AUTOPRINT and for SHOW: ALL, SPOOL

EXIT
REM
SQL statements can also be executed.